On Java, temples were built between the 5^th and the 15^th Centuries. Depending on the time of construction and the patron, temples were built either to honour Hindu, Sivaite or Buddhist dieties. Early examples followed Indian prototypes, but over time an purely Javanese style developed which incorporated changes in ritual and building styles. The evolution is seen both in the architectural construction and in ornament. 

Generally, the architecture of Buddhist temples underwent continuous changes and the architecture of Hindu temples was over time transformed into a Javanese style that was then followed for the remainder of the time Hindu temples were built.

Temples were constructed at the orders of a patron, often this was the ruler (king), but it could also be a local dignitary. It is difficult to otherwise explain the proliferation of temples on the Kedu plain of Central Java that so resembles the density of temples seen in the vicinity of Angkor Vat in Siem Riep.  There, foundation stones show how sometimes temples where not built at the order of the ruler, but by other leading members of the elite. Javanese temples lack the extensive foundation documents of the Khmer temples, but this need not rule out a similar explanation for the construction frenzy. The densely placed temples of the Kedu plain are also recognised by following very distinct interpretations of doctrine, as if to justify their existence. Any such doctrinal difference are unlikely to have been relevant to the ordinary person.

Temples are also frequently found on mountain tops and other (usually remote) locations that were felt to be endowed with a strong spiritual power. Candi Dieng, Selagriya and Ceta are good examples of this on Central Java, in East Java the parallel might be the building programme on Mount Penanggunan that was felt to be sacred due to its likeness to Mount Meru.